Reflecting on one’s Communication Skills Essay Example for Free

Reflecting on ones Communication Skills EssayIntroductionNursing students backside enhance their learning finished reflection that is, reflecting on a situation that involves nursing care (Parker 2006, p.115). In line with this thought, I shall reflect on an experience and discuss the communion skills I used or should suck used during the patient encounter. I will use the three what model based on the work of Borton (1970) and Boud (1985) to help structure my reflection. Before release any further, I am invoking the provision in the NMC (2008) code which declares the need to respect peoples confidentiality hence, the identity of the patient who will be cited in this reflection will be kept anonymous. He will be given a pseudonym and will simply be referred to as Mr. B What? Mr. B is a 75-year-old patient in a nursing home diagnosed with dementia. Initially, it was my learn who initiated nursing care to him and I was instructed to continue its delivery.The rationale why my mentor assigned me to Mr. B was so I can sharpen my communication skills. During my interaction with Mr. B, I tried to remain calm and spoke in wearisome and short sentences. I also used simple words although at time, I can non help scarcely repeat what I confine already state because I was not sure whether the patient understood my statements. So What? At first, I was honestly hesitant and quite nervous when I interacted with the patient. I was already aware of his condition hence, I was in a dilemma as to how I can communicate with him. This experience helped me realise that communication is truly an all important(p) part of nursing practice. Mastering all the routine nursing tasks and other complicated nursing interventions will all have been for nothing if a foster does not know how to initiate a think about-patient therapeutic relationship or interaction which naturally begins with communication.To simply mystify it, Ellis, Gates and Kenworthy (2003, p.214) declare that good communication is vital to trenchant nursing. According to Collins (2009) good communication helps build a therapeutic relationship which is central to nursing. It is a must for a nurse to be able to communicate effectively with the patient because communication is the tool that will allow the nurse to reassure a patient, empower the patient, motivate the patient, put a patient at ease, and convey understanding of the patients concerns (Collins 2009). I realised that communicating with a patient with dementia is to a greater extent challenging than I have actually predicted. His condition was definitely the barrier that hindered effective communication.Even though I spoke in gain, short and simple sentences, on that point were still instances when the patient did not understand what I said or may be pretended to have not heard what I said. With this, I realise that one effective counter against such circumstance is to establish and maintain genuine rapport with the patien t which can be done with frequent therapeutic conversations with the patient. Rapport entails trust and confidence of the patient to the nurse. Without, a nurse will have difficulty convincing a patient to retrace instructions or adhere to advices.The experience also led me to realise the importance of valuing non-verbal communication. Before, I honestly took for granted non-verbal communication because the patients I spateled in the foregone had no cognitive impairments that hindered verbal communication. It was only during this experience that verbal communication is less reliable due to the patients condition. This experience pointed out that a patients facial expression, presence or absence of eye contact, and bodily gestures can all help decipher a patients mood, feelings and attitude towards the nurse and the interventions given by the nurse. Videbeck (2010, p.107) relate that it is crucial for a nurse to understand what a patient is trying to communicate by path of obser ving non-verbal cues. I learned that a truly competent nurse is someone who is able to assess not only what a patient can verbalise but also assess those non-verbal cues displayed by apatient which may lead the nurse to truly understand how the patient feels and what the patient needs. instantaneously What The experience helped me learn the importance of both verbal and non-verbal communication. As an aspiring nurse, I have to continuously sharpen my communication skills because I shall be interacting with more varied patients in the future. I have to be able to establish rapport with each new patient and I can do this by communicating with them. I must maximise my communication with my patients because I can do a lot of things by communicating such as motivate, empower, condition and understand my patients. Conclusion To sum up, reflecting on an experience will help discover different important learning. It will increase ones intimacy identify strengths and weaknesses in ones ski lls. Communication is key to building rapport and therapeutic relationship with patients. A nurse must always mitigate on his or her communication skills in order to better deliver nursing care.ReferencesCollins, S. (2009). Good communication helps to build a therapeutic relationship. (online) forthcoming at http//www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinicalspecialisms/educators/good-communication-helps-to-build-a-therapeuticrelationship/5003004.articleEllis, R., Gates, B. and Kenworthy, N. (2003). Interpersonal communication in nursing Theory and practice. London Churchill Livingstone.Nursing Midwifery Council (2008). The code Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London NMC. Parker, M. (2006). Aesthetic ways in day-to-day nursing. In Freshwater, D. (Ed.). Therapeutic nursing Improving patient care through self-awareness and reflection. London SAGE Publications Ltd.Videbeck, S. (2010). Psychiatric-mental health nursing. 5th edn.,Philadelphia Lip pincott Williams Wilkins.Introduction sterile proficiency is the practice of carrying out a procedure in such a way that minimises the risk of introducing contamination into a vulnerable area or cheating(a) an invasive devise (Dougherty and Lister 2011, p.129). Aseptic technique includes several methods such as sterilising instruments, using antiseptic hand scrubs, and donning of sterile gowns, gloves, caps and masks (Cho and Alessandrini 2008, p.43). In line with this thought, this study will explore the underlying rationales and evidence for the performance of two common methods of aseptic technique. These methods are hand slipstream and gloving which I personally performed umteen times during practice placements.Practising Aseptic Technique The delivery of effective nursing care rests on the hands of the nurse. This statement does not only apply figuratively but also literally because the hands of a nurse must not only be capable of performing tasks, it must also be make c lean while performing such tasks. Hand laundry is simply indispensable in the performance of any and all kinds of nursing care activities. It becomes too planetary that sometimes it is intentionally or unintentionally neglected or performed in a manner that is less than satisfactory. As a student nurse, it was made clear to me that proper hand washing is a very important initial step in the delivery of nursing function.I have performed hand washing countless times, some at an acceptable standard while others below standard. The origin for strongly recommending or rather enforcing the need to perform hand washing may be traced from Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis who advocated the performance of hand washing with a chlorinated solution among doctors before assisting women in labour (Case 2011). White (2005, p.527) defines hand washing as the pass together of all surfaces www.newessays.co.uk and crevices of the hands using a soap or chemical and water. It is a part of all types of isolation precautions and is the most basic and effective infection- turn back measure to prevent and control the transmission of infectious agents. Hand hygiene which includes hand washing and gloving, is the single most crucial factor of preventing transmission of antibiotic-resistant organisms such as the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci or VRE (LeTexier 2011).The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2003, p.28) or NICE in its guideline for infection control dictate that hand washing and gloving are two fundamental modes of preventing healthcare-associated infection. The World Health Organization (2006) lavishlyly recommends that health care workers wear gloves to prevent microorganisms dedicate on the hands to be transmitted to patients and to reduce the risk of workers acquiring infection from patients. The effectiveness of donning gloves in preventing contamination of infectious agents has been confirmed in man y clinical trials (WHO 2006). To reiterate, both hand washing and gloving are two of the most indispensable methods of aseptic technique however, amidst the overwhelming evidence on the benefits of both procedures, there are still erring professionals. Nurses, doctors and other health care professionals still do err in the performance of such procedures.In my case, I have done it many times before but sometimes, I still forget to do it or consciously neglect to do it. Perhaps, the problem lies not within the knowledge of the need to perform it but rather on the manner by which it should be perform. there are varying ways and means of performing hand washing. In fact there are different kinds of hand washing. There is the medical hand washing which is similar to ordinary hand washing and there is also the surgical hand washing. Every institution has its own version on how to perform hand washing.This is also true for donning gloves. There are different brands of gloves each of which advertise some form of advantage over the other. There are also different modes of donning gloves such as the rotate technique and the close technique. There are also different varieties of gloves like clean gloves and surgical gloves. The differences and varieties with the way hand washing and gloving may be performed may account for the reason why some professionals err in the performance of these two important aseptic technique procedures. Another factor in the come-at-able non-compliance of some healthcare professionals may be related to convenience in the performance of such procedures. For instance, when a nurse is overwhelmed by work-related stress due to high inpatient census, sometimes, the simple act of washing hands is intentionally neglected.As a solution to this, it is recommended to make hand hygiene convenient (JCR 2009, p.64). Instead of the conventional soap and water, it is possible to achieve the same effect with alcohol based scrub thereby, eliminating the ne ed for washing hands with water. It is also advisable to choose gloves that have special fit for different sizes of hands rather than the fit-all type of gloves. Conclusion In summary, hand washing and gloving are two common types of aseptic technique which are indispensable in the everyday practice of nursing. It has been well established that hand washing and gloving are crucial in the efficient delivery of services particularly in the aspect of preventing the spread of infection. Despite this known fact, some still err in complying with such procedures.ReferencesCase, C. (2011). Handwashing. online acquirable athttp//www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/hand_background.phpCho, C. and Alessandrini, E. (2008). Aseptic technique. In King, C., Henretig, F. and King , B. (Eds.). Textbook of pediatric emergency procedures. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams Wilkins.Dougherty, L. and Lister, S. (2011). The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual ofClinical Nursing Procedures Student edition. 8th ed n., Chichester John Wiley Sons Ltd.Joint committal Resources (2009). Meeting joint commissions infection prevention and control requirements A priority focus area. 2nd edn., Illinois Joint Commission Resources.LeTexier, R. (2011). Preventing infection through hand washing. Online.Available at http//www.infectioncontroltoday.com/articles/2000/07/preventing-infection-throughhandwashing.aspxNational Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2003). Infection control Prevention of healthcare-associated infection in primary and community care. online. Available at http//www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG2fullguidelineinfectioncontrol.pdfWhite, L. (2005). Foundations of nursing. London Thompson Delmar Learning.www.newessays.co.ukNursing Essay SampleWorld Health Orgnization (2006). The first global patient safety challenge Clean care is safer care. online. available at http//www.who.int/gpsc/tools/Infsheet6.pdfwww.newessays.co.uk

Financial Statement Analysis Of Marks And Spencers

Financial Statement Analysis Of attach And SpencersThis report pull up stakes analyze Marks and Spencers monetary statements for 2008 and 2009 using balance analysis. Findings expose that Marks and Spencer brook not had a very good amplificationable year in comparison with 2008. The purpose of this report is to analyze the figures and to stain bulge well-nigh of the reasons for the deprived instruction execution.Table of ContentsAim of report 1Ratio Analysis 1 gainability symmetrys 1Liquidity balance 2 feat proportion 3Evaluation on gainfulness 5Evaluation of the liquidity position 6Information set asided for the user groups 7Conclusion 11Recommendations 12Bibliography 13Evaluation of the assignment 14Aim of ReportThis report will analyze Marks and Spencers financial statements for 2008 and 2009 using ratio analysis, explanations will be given on why the changes hurt occurred in the companies makeability, liquidity and what impact the changes have caused on the fami ly. The companies annual report will be examined from the point of view of for for each one one set of its potential users.Ratio analysisAn accounting ratio as suggested by Melville (1999) is the evaluation of a relationship which exists between twain figures shown in a set of financial statements. In the following report mainly the acquireability, liquidity and performance ratio will be discussed.Profitability RatiosThe favorableness ratios are used to evaluate whether the business was able to produce an acceptable level of lettuce.Gross profit % ratioThis ratio shows the gross profit in comparison to sales. The higher the ratio percentage the better it is for the company.Gross profit/ sales x 1002008 (M) 2009 (M)1,211.3/9,022.0100 =13.43% 870.7/9,062.1100 =9.61%The gross profit margin has change magnitude from 2008 to 2009 by 3.82%.Pre revenue profit % ratioThis ratio shows the net profit in advance tax in comparison to sales. The higher the ratio percentage the better it is for the company.Profit before taxation/ sales x 1002008 (M) 2009 (M)1,129.1/9,022.0100 =12.51% 706.2/9,062.1100 =7.79%The net profit before tax margin has change magnitude from 2008 to 2009 by 4.72%.After tax profit % ratioThis ratio shows the net profit after tax in comparison to sales. The higher the ratio percentage the better it is for the company.Profit after tax/ sales x 1002008 (M) 2009 (M)821.0/9,022.0100 =9.10% 506.8/9,062.1100 =5.59%The net profit after tax margin has change magnitude from 2008 to 2009 by 3.51%.Liquidity ratiosThe liquidity ratios are an assessment so as to ensure whether the business is able to pay of its debts as they fall let out(a)-of-pocket.Current ratioThis ratio shows how well the company can meet its short-term financial obligations from its current assets. Usually the best result is 11 or more, but this will vary with each company.Current assets/current liabilities2008 (M) 2009 (M)1,181.7/1,988.9=0.5941 1,389.8/2,306.9=0.6021The curre nt ratio has increased from 2008 to 2009 by 0.008.Quick ratioThis ratio shows how well the company can meet its short-term financial obligations from its current assets, removing argumentation from the calculation. The ratio removes stock because it is the least liquid current asset. Usually the optimum result is 11 or more, but this will vary with each company.Quick Ratio = (Current assets- inventory)/current liabilities2008 (M) 2009 (M)(1,181.7 488.9)/ 1,988.9=0.3481 (1,389.8 536.0)/ 2,306.9=0.3701The quick ratio has increased from 2008 to 2009 by 0.022.Gearing ratioThis ratio shows how much(prenominal) of the companys long-term cash in hand are supported by lenders. Below 50% is seen as low geared and good. Above 50% is seen as a cause of concern.Gearing ratio = Total borrowings / equity * 1002008 (M) 2009 (M)2815.1/1964.0 * 100 =143% 3060.7/2,100.6 * 100 =146%The gearing ratio has increased from 143% to 146%.Debt ratio (Ward, 2010)This ratio shows how much the company is in debt. Usually the optimum result is 11 or less, but this will vary with each company.Debt ratio = Total liabilities / total assets2008 (M) 2009 (M)5,197.0/7,161.0=0.7261 5,157.5/7,258.1=0.7111The debt ratio has change magnitude from 2008 to 2009 by 0.015.Performance RatioThis ratio attentions in collusive the efficiency in the operation of the business through effective utilisation of its resources.After impose Profit as % of Noncurrent AssetsThis ratio helps as to analyze the percentage of profit the business has made by utilising its noncurrent assets.After Tax Profit as % of Noncurrent Assets = Profit after tax / Noncurrent Assets2009 (M) 2008 (M)506.8 / 5868.3 = 8.63% 821.0 / 5979.3 = 13.73%From this ratio it is clear that M and S was not able to make much profit in 2009 as compared to 2008. In 2008 M and S was able to produce a profit of 13.73% by the utilization of its fixed assets but by ambit 2009 the profit made has decreased to 8.63% thus there was a decline in the p rofit by 5.1%.After Tax Profit as a % of luckholders caudexThis ratio helps to analyze the total of profit which the business was able to generate from the utilization of the shareholders fund.After Tax Profit as a % of shareholders Fund = Profit after tax / Total Equity2009 (M) 2008 (M)506.8 / 2100.6 = 24.10% 821.0 / 1964.0 = 41.8%From the ratio it is again clear that the utilization of the shareholders fund so as to generate profit has withal decreased in 2009 by 17.7%, i.e., in 2008 M and S was able to generate a profit of 41.8% which has reduced to 24.10% in 2009. Even though the company was not able to generate adequate profit from the shareholders fund, the company was able to increase the dividend of the shareholders from 20.3p to 22.5p (Pg 78).Earnings per ShareAs suggested by McLaney and Atrill (1999), earnings per share is the amount of profit that has been earned from each ordinary share.2009 (M) 2008 (M)32.3 (Pg 78) 49.2 (Pg 78)From the figures listed above it is cl ear that the shares for 2009 where altogether providing an earning of 32.3p as compared to dwell year which was 49.2p thereby creating a difference of 16.9p.Dividend per ShareAs suggested by Melville (1999), dividend per share is the amount of dividend allotted for each share for the stock held by the shareholder.2009 (M) 2008 (M)22.5p (Pg 90) 20.3p (Pg 90)Even though the earnings per share and the after tax profit as a percentage of shareholders fund where all less M and S was able to provide a decent standard of dividend 22.5p to its shareholders as compared to 2008 which was only 20.3p. This shows that M and S are taking proper steps so as to keep their shareholders happy.Return on Capital EmployedAs suggested by Weaver and Lunt (2003), this ratio helps those who have invested in the business to analyze the amount of profit the business is making from the utilization of this majuscule.Return on capital utilize = Profit after Tax/ (Total Assets Current Liabilities) * 1002009 (M) 2008 (M)506.8 / (7258.1 2306.9) * 100 821 / (7161- 1988.9) * 100= 10.24% =15.87%From this ratio it is obvious that M and S was not able to utilize its capital to the maximum level. In 2008 the company was able to provide a return on capital of 15.87% which reduced to 10.24% as it reached 2009.Evaluation of the profitability of Marks and SpencersExamining the results from the ratio results show each ratio has decreased in 2009 in comparison with 2008.The reasons behind the gross profit ratio decreasing were because the gross profit had decreased by 340.6m in 2009 (p78). The gross profit had decreased because of the increase of the cost of sales by 155m (p87). The increase in cost of sales by chance collectible to the increase in purchases over the year as MS increased their get by 10 times a year (p28).The reasons behind the pretax profit ratio decreasing were because the pretax profit had decreased by 422.9m in 2009 (p78). The pretax profit had decreased because of the incre ase in finance be by 67.9m (p78). The increase in the finance costs is due to the increase in interest payable and the increase in the unwinding on the discount of partnership liability to the MS UK pension scheme (p89).The reasons behind the after tax profit ratio decreasing were because the after tax profit had decreased by 314.2m in 2009 (p78). The after tax profit had decreased because of the stupendous costs being stated (p78). The transcendent costs have occurred were not regular running costs and were due to quality related costs, rationalisation of IT and logistic networks and redundancy costs (p88). Income tax was not a problem has it had decreased in 2009 (p78).Internal positionors which had an impact on the profitability of MS wereDespite the economic recession sales revenue figures had gone up from the previous year (p78), giving a positive impact on the profitability.The finance costs of interest payable had increased to the previous year (p89), giving a negative impact on profitability.Exceptional costs and the exceptional pension credit during 2009 gave a negative impact on the profitability, as the Group had decided to make changes to the pension scheme (p88).Selling and marketing expenses had been decreased in 2009 (p87) to keep up with a tight budget (p14), this gave a positive impact on the profitability.Income tax paid this year was less compared to last year (p78), but as this was due to a depress pretax profit (p78), it still played a positive impact on the profitability.Finance income had decreased in comparison to 2008 (p78), this was due to the exceptional costs of 135.9m and the decrease in franchised stores (p86).Profit before property disposals and exceptional items had decreased over the year (p78) and this created a negative impact on the profitability.External factors which had an impact on the profitability of MS wereThe economic recession which MS along with different high pathway retailers had to face (p14), impacted the profitability of MS. Customers were not spending as freely as they would normally, resulting in lower sales figures in some areas and therefore lower profit levels. The pace of growth of MS and its services was slow due to the recession (p5). Due to the recession costs had to be lowered to lure customers (p14) this in result had a negative result on the profitability.The sterling currency rate had decreased in 2009 compared to 2008 (p104). Therefore any foreign business would have been affected by this change, resulting in a negative impact on the profitability.Evaluation of the liquidity position of Marks and SpencersLiquidity ratios are used to show the ability of the company to turn its assets into cash as quickly as possible and to measure the ability of the company to pay of its short-term debts and expenses within the expect time. One of the two main liquidity ratios are Current ratio and Quick ratio. It is always good to have a high liquidity ratio as it show the ability of the business to pay of its debt within the expected time. However if these ratios are too high this means that the business is having too much of current assets which are not used nor utilized as efficiently as required in order to deal with the day to day activities. carry sector of M and S involves purchasing goods and trading cash on credit from its suppliers and for this reason cash time period statements are included. A cash give statement is used in order to show the cash inflows and outflows of the business thereby providing a better liquidity assessment for M and S. This in fact helps outsiders to analyze the whether M and S is able to generate adequate cash from its day to day operations.The closing net cash has increased to a long extend from 117.9m in 2008 to 298.3m in 2009. Even though during these recession period M and S was able to show a good closing cash figure this in fact shows their ability to manage cash. shine in net cash outflow from direct activities from 966.2m in 2008 to 596.9m in 2009. (p80) This cash generated from the operating activities enabled them to spent on financial activities.Increase in net cash inflow from operation activities from 1069.8m in 2008 to 1290.6m in 2009. (p80)The main reason for such a good cash flow in 2009 as compared to 2008 is because of the cost reduction where ever possible(p1).By analyzing the liquidity ratios of M and S the following findings were found outThe current ratio of M and S operating in retail sector was 0.59 1 in 2008 and 0.601 in 2009. This shows that M and S had 59p in current assets so as to pay of every 1 deserving of current liabilities in 2008 and 60p of current assets so as to pay of every 1 current liability in 2009The quick ratio in fact showed that the company had 37p worth of current assets to pay off every 1 worth of current liability after deducting closing stock for 2009 and 35p for 2008. This in fact shows that the firm is under liquidity due to the fact that the co mpany has fewer assets than liabilities.As already explained above the debt ratio shows how much the company is in liability over its assets. By looking at debt ratio for M and S it has decreased from 0.731 in 2008 to 711 in 2009 which is good as it suggests that the company was able to pay of its debts within the due date.The gearing ratio in fact measures the proportion of M and Ss long term funds provided by the lenders. By comparing the gearing ratio in 2009 which was 146% to the gearing ratio in 2008 which was 143%, it shows that M and S was able to increase their credit worthiness. Thus by increasing their credit worthiness they are able to gain further loans in ease.Information provided in the report for its users (Nyarko, 2009)EmployeesEmployees provide labor for the company they study financial information to ensure they have a secure job and are being made correctly. The report has the following information useful for employeesClosure of 26 mostly Simply solid pabulum s tores (p6)Reduce roles across head positioning by 15% (p15)Cap level of pay increase (p6)Early retirement reductions given (p6)Legal and safety performance changed from 80% to 92% (p14)Opened 75 stores (p15)Plan to open 10-15 stores within two years in the Indian subcontinent (p39)Introduced new development programs tailor made for growing tomorrows leading (p46)Reinforced lines of communication between management and colleagues at every level (p46)One of the low UK turnover rates (p46)Training given across each field (p44)Communication improved using tools like In store listening groups (p47)44 employees celebrated 40 years working for MS (p47)40,000 slap-up service puritys for staff who have excelled in their role (p47)Over 3,500 elected employee representatives from every part of the business in the MS business involvement groups (BIG) (p47)Decrease of 83.3% on giftes (p48)Pay for performance to be central for decisions (p62)Employees with disabilities given a full and fair consideration for all vacancies (p75)Increase in wage and hire cost by 48m (p91)ShareholdersShareholders provide equity for the company they need financial information to make economic decisions. The report has the following information useful for shareholdersDividends contend by 20.9% (p1)Adjusted profits down 40% (p2)Largest clothes market share (p2)Clothes treasure market share decreased by 0.3% (p2)M S direct sales up 19.0% (p19)International growth up by 25.9% (p38)Growth by 15% of the Italian range in the food sector (p7)Kids wear increased market share by 0.6%pts and putting MS fourth in the market (p8)Earnings per share 28.0p down by 35.8% (p14)UK gross margin down 1.7% pts (p14)UK market share clothing and footwear down by 0.5% (p18)Carbon emission down by 18% (p19) reduction in dividends payout by 33.3% (p49)After tax profit down by 314.2m (p78)Increase in retained earnings by 20.2m (p79)ManagementThe management is the decision maker and non executive directors of the company, they need financial information to construe if the company is making good progress or not and to make claims for performance related bonus issues. The report has the following information useful for managementAdjusted group profit before tax down by 40% (p2)39 out of 100 rigorous commitments as part of plan A achieved (p9)New and old members in management team (p10)Group revenue up by 0.4% (p14)Group capital expenditure down by 38.2% (p15)UK sales down by 1.7% (p14)Operating cost up by 4.9% (p14)Adjusted operating profit down by 29.4% (p14)Profit before tax down by 40.0% (p14)80% of portfolio into modernized format (p15)UK footfall down from 21.8m to 21.6m (p18)UKs fourth largest coffee grass chain (p25)Womens wear value market share down by 0.6%pts (p26)Womens wear volume market share down by 0.8%pts (p26)Lingerie value market share up by 0.4%pts (p29)Lingerie volume market share up by 1.2%pts (p29)Menswear value market share down by 0.4%pts (p30)Menswear volume marker share down by 0.2%pts (p30)Kids wear value market share up by 0.6%pts (p31)Kids wear volume market share up by 0.7%pts (p31)Food value market share down by 0.4%pts (p32)UK home sales up by 1.1% (p35)CustomersCustomers are those who buy from the company, they need financial information to compare financial information and product quality with other companies. The report has the following information useful for customersNew products and services introduced (p1) edifice international portfolio (p1)Improve value without compromising quality (p57)Enticed an additional 200,000 under 35s into store for womens wear (p3)Four menswear brands ranging from 4 to 499 (p4)New promotions introduced e.g. dress for less (p6) marketing cost 8.6% lower (p15)Opened 75 stores (p15)Womens wear and menswear divided up into different brands aimed at different customers (p26-30)Style magazines best shop for lingerie 2008 (p29) cash in ones chips quality food by watchdog survey (p32)Added new products and ran ges to home products (p35)Best new skincare product award (p35)Food to order supply service launched (p36)Remodeled 24 stores (p40)Leeds and Liverpool stores modernized upcoming year (p40)Reduced food carrier bag use by 83% (p43)Meet over 67% of the FSAs salt targets for 2010 (p44)The board supported by different committees to help its governance accountabilities (p50)MS core focus on quality, value, service, innovation and trust (p32-34)SuppliersSuppliers are those who sell to the company, they need financial information to check for credit worthiness of the company against others. The report has the following information useful for suppliersNet debt down to 2.5bn from 3.1bn (p16)Increased buying from suppliers to 10 times a year (p28)Trained 1000 suppliers on ethical standards (p34)2008 compassion in world farming compassionate supermarket of the year award (p34)Paying farmers a fixed and industry leading price for their milk (p34)Engaged in profitable partnerships (p51)Increase in cash flow levels by 180.4m (p80)Improved net debt by 586.9m (p80)Increase in current liabilities of trade by 96.9m (p79)Continue as going concern (p76)Banks and other lendersUsually banks (or other lenders) provide financial help to businesses by providing money. The main concern of these banks and lenders when deciding to provide money to a business is to make sure the business is opened to keep up interest payments during the course of the loan and eventually repay the loan at the due date. Thus the banks require this financial information so as to analyze the financial position and prospects of the business in order to provide them their loans. The bankers and other lenders require the following information from the reportM and S creditors payment policies. (p75)The profit which has decreased by 314.2m by comparing 2008 an 2009. This might increase the pressure among the lenders to make the company to return their money. (p78)Decreased noncurrent assets by 111m, so as to seiz e the assets in case of non return of the loans. (p79)Current assets and Current liability which have both increased by 208.1m and 318m respectively. This would enable the lenders and banks to determine liquidity position of the company. (p79)Consolidated cash flow information, repayment of syndicate banks which has reduced to 108.1m in 2009. This shows the company was able to deal in 2009 with fewer loans. (p80)The GovernmentsThe main reason for the organizations to use the financial information of the company is to ensure whether the business is keeping up with their tax payments. The other reasons are to regulate the business and to provide national economic statistics. They are also responsible for preventing the business from any fraudulent acts. The report has the following information important for the government.External auditors report (p77) this enables the government to look at the fairness in the operation of M and S.Deferred tax decreased from 372.1m to 225.5m.(p79)Tax AuthoritiesThe taxation authorities are responsible for calculating the taxation liability from the accounting report provided by the company.CompetitorsCompetitors may use the accounting information provided by their rivals so as to find ways to improve their own financial position. Due to this reason, usually businesses are keen in keeping their accounting information as private as possible.The General universalThe businesses which are big and powerful are of interest to the general public. They usually require the policies of the organization so as to know how these policies would impact the community. The public would also want to know whether the business is running in profit or not.The general public would use the accounting information for the following reasonsOld state would like to know about the pension schemes. (p102)Whether the business operations are affecting climate change. (42)ConclusionConcluding the report the findings show Marks and Spencer have not had very go od profitable year in comparison with 2008, with a deduction of after tax profit by 3.51%. This is vastly due to the economic recession which has been an external negative factor for all the High Street shops. Another reason for the deduction in profit levels was due to exceptional costs which incurred during the year. However MS have managed to increase their sales by 40.1M by investing in their costs. They were able to gain growth in accepted market sectors and make 80% of its portfolio into a modernized format. MS achieved several awards for their products and the services they provided during the year, which improved their brand image. MS were able to achieve 39 out of 100 of its commitments made to Plan A, which is a long term project to create an eco-friendly business. Examples of these are the reduction of carbon emissions by 18% and reducing food carrier bag usage by 83%.While MS closed down 26 underperforming stores, they managed to open 75 new stores. MS has one of UKs lo west turnover rates, as they were able to celebrate 40 years of working for MS by 44 of its employees. The employees wage and salary costs had been raised by 48M in comparison with 2008, this shows MS was employing more people and paying their employees fairly. Although there had been a dividends cut of 20.9%, there had been an increase of retained earnings by 20.2M this maybe to due to MS retaining income for a rainy day, in the present times of the economic recession, or for further future investment.RecommendationsTo improve Marks and Spencers general performance and to create a sustainable going concern business, it shouldContinue to treat its employees well and award them for their performance to avoid losing any trained staff and hold open its good employer record.Increase its costs on selling and marketing to make customers aware of new products and services MS has to offer. This is return should enshroud for the decrease in this years market share decreases.Research past data along with any future investment plans, to try to predict any exceptional costs which may occur. These can then be prepared for so the profit levels are not damaged to vastly.Continue to create innovative products and services which help to win awards for MS, as they will improve the brand image of the company as well as generate more sales.Think of ways to compensate the losses the shareholders have incurred this say year otherwise they may decide to sell them back.Continue to achieve more of Plan A commitments to try to help the society MS operates in, this in return will also create a stronger brand image for the company.Continue to improve on their cash flow levels, so they always have enough to counter any recession associated problems and do not run into liquidation.Look for niches in each of the market sectors by carrying out market research and create products and services in tune with the market needs, to attract more customers, generate more sales and improve the comp anys overall profit levels.

Impacts of Globalization on Dell

Impacts of globalisation on DellGlobalization has had major set up on the corporate culture of dell, in the global environment dell has overly benefited from the technical advancements. The drivers of globalization begin improved the methods and systems of international transportation, dominating the international commerce, its impacts have been felt by dell.Technology has not only en commensurated dell to enter into the argona business, but it has all(a)owed the worlds economy to be fused into a single point of operation which has enabled dingle to gain an interdependent system of operation. The world has transformed into a global village due to the help of the information technology which allows the companies such as dell to shares innovative ideas. Technological revolution has no uniformity in its effect it has assumed different forms at different situations depending on the forces which can be sparing, political, or cultural. Technology is the key factor in the developme nt of dells strategies.The source of expert advancements at DELL is due to the search for the increased economic efficiency and the desire to reduce the cost that the society has to suffer for the availability its harvests. The purpose of the technological advancements is to improve the usage of the available natural resources through the gadgets such as those proposed by DELL.Globalization has enabled DELL to improve its productiveness and the competitiveness, this is the function of knowledge which is generated due to the information processing by the globalized firms and the territorial organization into the net pees of production, management and distribution, All of DELLs core economic activities are global since they have the capacity to work as an individual unit in the real time.Globalization has had major impacts on DELL, some(prenominal) activities which were previously involved in the opposite interaction, or those that were local, can now be conducted across great di stances. DELL has gone through a significant de-localization in its friendly and economic exchanges. callable to globalization, DELL has been de-localized, it has been able to adopted sassy technologies which involve interaction with its customers. The most strategic and crucial activities especially in the economic sector have been networked nearly the globalized system of the inputs and outputs.What happens in local environment of a company is increasingly influenced by the activities of other global companies and the international systems which operate many miles away. For instance, an innovation in the worlds commodity and the money market places can start out a significant impact on other products across the globe.Companies and international systems are increasingly becoming interdependent. Globalization has a marked acceleration to the rate of expansion of the DELL which spans along with the significant improvements in the economic activities.The technological advanceme nts enable DELL to tap spic-and-span skills and new opportunities for employment of its workforce. This increases the ability of the company to run its activities effectively and carry out its financial obligations in a more effective manner.The technological advancements feature with increased rate of globalization increases the importance of growth the corporate culture, for economic necessity/social demands, and for resource availabilities which affects the scope and the pace of technological adoption in each industry and the consuming community.However, the technologies that have been described above appear to have the most promise for the significant global effects which are pierce with the un indisputablety, with the progress in time, the unforeseen technological developments and its effects on may eclipse the economic or the political induceth trends. Globalization may cause other trends with the technical challenges that do not have the significance in the global effect s in the near future but can work significant with time.Due to the globalization DELL is facing stiff competition from its competitors, the leadership and the participation in the development in the technical area depends on the several factors, this include the future regional economic arrangements international and amount of the public and the private sector research for developments and capital investments. There are signs for a more stiff competition amongst the economic alliances, which increases the support for the global intellectual property protection, more globalization, and the division of the responsibilities for a faster growth in the technological front.Technology brings the benefits and prosperity to a company, it may sideline others and require new dimensions. Technology helps to alleviate some severe hardship, it will create real economic development. Those companies which are not willing or able to adapt to new technological opportunities may fall further behind. The market weakness of a product of a developing company due to the lack of the economic incentives will be insufficient to drive the acquisition of the new technology or skills.Many companies are threatened by the fact that the corporate cultures that have had long-term existence are threatened by the new ways of living which has been brought about by the technological advancements. DELL has seen the benefits of technology, this is partly due to the changes which are difficult to prevent. However the corporate culture of any company can pre reply certain determine and the cultural values which have an impact on the guiding regulations and protections which affect its technological development corporate social responsibilityDELL is committed to the highest honest standards, it does the right thing and operate with the integrity and transparency, DELL has build and honoured credibility and trust with its employees, the customers, partners, stockholders, and the communityDells gl obal principles guide the company as it globalizes its operations, enters new markets, and expands its global employment base. Dells goal is to be a green company to the communities where its products are consumed. Its global principles are based on the corporate values and policies regarding the social and environmental stewardship as adopted from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the fundamental conventions of the International Labor organization, the International Organization for Standardization, as well as the experience of other corporations around the globe.The company is committed to using its unique direct businesses to model and make technology more affordable and accessible to mess and all the institutions around the world in order to take the advantage of the tremendous economic and the social benefits of more technological advancements. To achieve its objectives. DELL has through the followingIt has used its customer model products to bring affordable techn ology to both new and the emerging markets, as well as established new ones.It has grown its global employment base to tap the diverse ideas and new skills, this has increased its understanding of the global customer needs by bringing the sought after technology and new jobs to the world community.It has developed the global network of suppliers aimed at improving the performance and lowering the cost of its systems.To improve on its corporate social responsibility DELL has devised a direct way of running(a) delivers ensures that value is delivered to its customers. It is also based on the distinct company values, this acknowledges the companys responsibilities to the following groupsIts employees DELL treats all the employees with high dignity and respect a factor which provides the opportunity for all of its employees to succeed.Consuming community DELL has strived to be an eco-friendly company which is responsible to the community and for environmental stewardship.Its global su ppliers and their employees DELL ensures that its acts are ethical and also encourages responsibility in terms of employment of the environmental practices from its suppliers.Dell has made it clear that it will grow its global operations and manage its expansion responsibly with respect to its corporate culture by observing the followingIt will conserve the natural environment and protect all the resources of its host countries and the consuming communities.It will provide high quality jobs with good benefits through the employee training in the new communities, and provide the work environment which protects the health and the safety of the employees, customers, contractors, and the general public.It will always communicate its expectations to its suppliers and work in collaboration with its employees to promote high standards of work and behavior.It will maintain respect to the laws, values and the culture of its host countries.Ensuring positive contribution to the community, both individually and organizationally.As a competitive employer DELL provides the followingMeaningful working conditions characterized by a safe, secure and very healthy environment, high quality jobs with very competitive benefits, Job opportunities for further training and professional advancement which is indeterminate to any employee, Reward its employees based on the performance results and their contribution both to its business and the community, it will create a workplace which values innovation. DELLS approach to diversity is mainly defined by its recognition of both the similarities and differences in addition to its inclusiveness, respect and the corporate culture which allows the individuals to make positive contribution to their potential.In cases where DELL will establish its business in the new locations, it will give maximum support to the local authorities in order to provide jobs and create numerous employment opportunities through the followingIt will create new o pportunities for its qualified individuals that are either unemployed or underemployedIt will provide the ongoing on-the-job training programs and the professional growth opportunities.Instill a culture of the best performers does bestDevelop a breed of knowledgeable the workers. point of reference the digital divide through the provision of the community-based education to the youths. It will ensure minimized disruptions to its employees in case their jobs are changed, if they have been relocated or eliminated as Dell builds the global presence by Providing fair notification in regard to the employment changes, Strive by retaining and placing the employees with good performance by promoting them to new positions in the company, Work closely with the stakeholders in order to ease the transition from Dell to the next employment opportunity for employees who prefer to seek career opportunities extraneous of the Dell company. Seek to ensure that any disruption caused to the communiti es in which Dell employees experiences job changes is minimized.DELL is determined to ensure that its suppliers around the world understands and embraces the high standards of ethical behavior by treating their employees with high dignity and respect, its therefore a requirement that all the suppliers should partner up and adhere to Dells supplier principles or the industrial principles as outlined in the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct.To achieve this DELL will play an active role in the industrial group developing and the promotion code of Ethics. It will also continually solicit and make reviews for the feedback of the stakeholder organizations.DELL will also work with the local authorities in every region of its operation and stakeholders to by understanding the community priorities and draft means of how it can play the role of addressing the community environmental issues. It will make it doable for its employees to make the difference in the community affairs through vol unteerism and support of the non-profit organizations. DELL ensures faster response in the case of the natural disasters. It has also Leveraged its hindquarters and its corporate commitment to equip the youths for the digital economy.Environmental influences on DELL its ability to achieve its objectives and deal with competitors.Environmental factors have both positive and oppose impacts on the industry and the market growth potential of the product/service. The following environmental factors affect the global operations of DELL,The Government actions Government actions, be it authentic or under contemplation have on several occasions affected DELL by either supporting or detracting its strategy. This is in the consideration of the subsidies, safety, efficacy and the operational regulations, the licensing requirements, restrictions to the access to materials and the price controls.The demographic changes, anticipation in the changes of the demographic environment also impacts to the growth of the potential of the industry and the market.The emerging technology, the technological changes may not favor the actions of DELLs enterprise. The cultural trends, the cultural changes such as the fashion trends and the life style trends may not support DELLs offering to spread the market.DELL operates within the larger framework of the outside(a) environment which shapes the opportunities and poses the threats to the companies. The external environment is a conglomeration of complex, and rapidly changing institutions and the forces that affect the organizations ability to serve the customers. The external forces are not controlled by the organization these forces may be greatly influenced or affected by the organization. Therefore, it is necessary for the Companies such as DELL to understand the environmental conditions because they affect their strategic decisions. The external environment has major impacts on the determination of DELLs marketing decisions. This organization can be successful if it scans its external environment in order to respond to the profitability to of its needs and the target market trends.To adopt into the marketing, it requires the company to provide greater customer values as compared to its competitors. It is impossible for an organization such as DELL to develop a very strong competitive position and strategies without the knowledge of its competitors in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. In view of this three levels of competition have been identified to exist. This include Direct competitors which are the firms competing for the same customers with the similar products, Product competition which involve the substitute products, and disceptation at the level of the consumers purchasing power.Pure competition involves many firms, with each selling identical products, but neither of them is powerful. The monopolistic competition has many firms which are selling slightly differentiated products. Oligopoly is a very small number of firms selling its products, it can act collusively. Monopoly is where a single firm sells in the market for without the substitutes.DELLs economic environment is made up of the factors that affect its consumer purchasing power and the spending patterns. The economic factors include the business cycles, inflation rates, unemployment levels, the interest rates, and the amount of the income. The Changes in the economic variables have significant impacts on the marketplace. For example, the income affects the consumer spending which in turn affects the sales for the organizations.Demographics factors identify the marketers their current and potential customers, the location of the customers, and how many customers are able to buy what the marketers are selling. Generally, Demographic factors involve the human populations in reference to size, density, the location, age, sex, race, the occupation, and other statistical aspects. The Changes in the demographic env ironment can affect DELL by resulting into the significant opportunities and the cultural threats which presents themselves to the organization. The major trends for the marketers in the demographic environment may include the worldwide population explosion, changing of the age structure, ethnic groupings and the educational mix, the emergence of new types of households and the geographical shifts in the population.The Social/cultural forces are somehow difficult and uncontrollable variables to predict. It is therefore of great importance for DELL as the marketers to understand and appreciate all the cultural values of the environment under which they operate. The cultural environment consists of the forces which affect the societys basic values, its perceptions, and the preferences, the values and beliefs which include equality, level of achievement, the youthfulness, efficiency, the practicality, the self-actualization, freedom, the humanitarianism. The changes in the social/cultu ral environment tend to affect the customers behavior, which in turn affects the sales of the products. DELL being the producer of electronic gadgets it must be alert of the trends in the cultural environment including the individual changes in personal views of themselves, and the world around them and the movement towards the self-fulfillment.The aim of this section of the paper was to examine the environment and its effects to DELL, the ecosystem refers to the natural systems and the resources that are needed as the inputs by the marketers or affects that the marketing activities have. The environmental concern about the physical environment has been intensified due to the climatical changes. The environmental consciousness is significant to DELL to the sensitivity associated with the electronic waste disposal. To avoid the shortages in the raw materials, DELL can make use of the renewable resources (such as forests) and alternatives (such as solar and wind energy) for nonrenew able resources. It can also limit the energy consumption of its products by increasing the efficiency. DELL can also built Goodwill by voluntarily engaging in the anti-pollution activities and the conservation of the natural resources. Dell will help protect the natural environment byConsiderations on how it will devise the means for minimizing the environmentally sensitive materials, optimization of energy consumption by its products, and promotion of the dematerialization in its product designs. Minimization of the environmental impacts on the communities where DELL has its facilities can be achieved by the implementation of the programs which reduce the wastes, enhance the conservation of the resources, and prevent the pollution. DELL also provides the easy and affordable retrieval of the solutions for end of life products from its customers, including the re-use program which benefits the non-profits and the underserved communities. DELL also prohibits the export of the electron ic waste to developing nations. Dell adheres to the stringent standards for the product safety to protect its customers. DELL has also revised its policies to protect the critical technology by complying with all laws as laid down by the United States and those of other countries which concerns the imports or exports of the products/ services, the software package packages and technology, this also includes the regulations which restrict the sale of the advanced technologies to rogue or organizations. (Peter, 2011)Dell respects its customer privacy all over the world through the curb the collection, storage and illegal use of personal details or private information to specific the purposes such as the processing of purchases, provision of the services and support, and the share of its products/service and its news with the customers.

Marine Animal Captivity End The Exploitation Sociology Essay

shipboard soldier Animal Captivity End The Exploitation Sociology EssayMarine animals acquire been held captive for hundreds of years and for a variety of reasons. As valet de chambres began to investigate the fascinating world below the oceans surface, animal captivity became an everyday occurrence. Some animals give birth been gripd as a means of research so scientists, as well as the public, jakes observe and learn more ab fall out them (Marine Mammals in Captivity). However, maritime animals put one across also been exhibited simply for amusement and profit (Do Marine Mammals Belong in Captivity in the twenty-first Century?). Throughout history, humans have abused their relative power over nautical creatures by capturing and detaining them. This cruel and unjust captivity commences with the act of capture and continues by diminishing marine animals tonus of living.The crime of captivity begins as early as marine mammal capture. In the past, animal capture was a violent and traumatic process. Over the years, it has sprain progressively less malicious. However, the animals still suffer. Hunters herd the animals into shallow waters and proceed to entrap them in nets and slings (Do Marine Mammals Belong in Captivity in the 21st Century?). Captures can include high-speed chases in take to the woodsed to exhaust the animals, which makes them easier to catch. Some fisherman result actually ride the animals until they are completely worn out (The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity). In Japan, fisherman are hired by captivity agencies to herd entire pods of dolphins so that the best and most promising mammals can be selected, while the remaining dolphins are slaughtered (Global Ocean Marine Mammal Anti-Captivity Officer). In an opposite instance, over 200 dolphins were driven into a sportfishing port, where they crashed into boats and each other. After becoming tangled in the chaos of nets, boats, and animals, many dolphins died of drowning (Mari ne Animal Exhibits Chlorinated Prisons). Although the government works to regulate the individuals and organizations that capture marine animals, even the gentlest capture get tos unforeseeable consequences.Marine animals such as dolphins travel in groups and while it may seem like taking only one or two of the animals would cause no harm, it is extremely detrimental to the group as a whole. Whales, specifically orcas, are the largest animals held in captivity (Marine Animal Exhibits Chlorinated Prisons). While orcas remain with their mothers for life in the wild, hunters often separate mother and child. Dolphins travel together in pods, a family unit that consists of an adult dolphin and her offspring. These families are torn apart by captivity. Even if not all of the animals are captured, the free animals are left without a crucial member of their community. Some dolphins die simply from the stress of losing a family member or watching their companions being captured (Marine An imal Exhibits Chlorinated Prisons). One dissect found that the mortality rate for bottlenose dolphins make upd six-fold immediately after a capture (The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity). The negative affects of animal capture are undeniable proof that dimension marine animals captive is an unnatural and degenerate act.Even after the vicious and traumatic capture, marine animals continue to suffer in captivity. Although many trainers work to ensure that animal habitats are suitable for the animals they house, no man made structure can replace the natural habitat and ecosystem of the ocean. In addition, these artificial environments pose many risks to the animals they accommodate. First, the water of the tank can cause serious health risks. Many aquariums and marine parks pump water in directly from the ocean. However, this water is filtered and chlorine is added while micro and macro marine life is removed (Killer Whales in Captivity). This treatment creates harsh water full of chemicals, which can irritate the skin of marine mammals. Although the chemicals are used to purify the water, bacteria are still present and the animals skin cannot tolerate the alien bacteria. Some dolphins go blind (French), while others animals suffer from skin diseases (Marine Mammals in Captivity). In other cases, orcas experience dorsal fin collapse. This occurs because the whales do not have the support of a large body of water, such as the ocean, and gravity pulls the tall branch downward (Marine Mammals in Captivity).The issues are not limited to physical conditions. Being held in captivity actually affects the mental functions and capacity of marine creatures. Animals such as whales and dolphins utilize echolocation while living in the ocean. In this wide and varied body of water, these animals are constantly alert and exercising their brains. However, in a dull environment such as a small aquarium, these animals have no use for their highly evolved talent (Mari ne Animal Exhibits Chlorinated Prisons). Instead, they are forced to swim in circles without exercising the functions of their brain. For orcas, which are extremely sensitive to sound, the outside noises of water pumps and cheering crowds harm their hearing (Killer Whales in Captivity). Some studies show that dolphin brains repress a f chastenening 42% while in captivity (The Life of a Dolphin in Captivity), and some dolphins have been driven insane by the constant reverberations of their own sonar waves that hit nothing but blank walls (Marine Animal Exhibits Chlorinated Prisons).Not only are marine animals brain functions halted, they also proceed socially and emotionally upset while in captivity. As mentioned earlier, dolphins and orcas are negatively affected by the separation of pods. Despite being social creatures that tend to have long term companionships, these mammals are separated from their families and isolated on their own when they are held captive. (The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity). The issues are furthered by trainers treatment of the animals. For example, trainers will separate the acutely social dolphins when they misbehave, forcing them into isolation (Marine Animal Exhibits Chlorinated Prisons). The torture continues in the feeding. In a technique called the Pavlovian regime, trainers starve dolphins so that they will perform. Food is only administered as a reward to the dolphin for successful completion of tricks. Trainers effectively teach the dolphins that food for thought is not a natural right of existence, but is instead only attained through submission and performance (The Life of a Dolphin in Captivity). Its also important to consider the food given to the animals instead of live, freshly caught, natural marine organisms, captured marine animals are fed frozen fish and vitamin supplements (Killer Whales in Captivity). This unnatural diet hurts the metabolism of these creatures and hinders their instinctual maraudin g behavior.Dolphins that live in captivity are forced to swim in circles in six-foot deep tanks that stretch twenty-four inches by twenty-for inches (Marine Animal Exhibits Chlorinated Prisons). This lack of dummy literally suffocates the dolphins, who swim up to 100 miles each day in the wild. Finally, its important to consider the behavior of freed marine animals. Dolphins and whales alike spend their days descend hundreds of meters, swimming hundreds of miles, and roaming freely about the ocean (Marine Mammals in Captivity). Unlike seals and sea lions, dolphins and whales rarely come up to the shore to perch and can stay subaqueous up to thirty minutes. The confinement of a tank forces a creature that previously spent 80-90% of its time underwater into a creature that is constantly to a higher place the water (Marine Mammals in Captivity).Some would argue that marine animal captivity has positive benefits for animals. For example, if a marine animal is held captive, humans ar e able to study and observe the animal, which in turn allows for a greater understanding of the species. This understanding allows humans to actually go out and assist the marine animals in the future. However, a marine animal held in captivity actually holds little educational value. These animals are forced to act differently than they do in the wild. Because they are hold to cages and tanks, they cannot roam and live as they would in the vast ocean. This means that when scientists observe an animal in a tank, he or she is not seeing the focusing the animal really acts, lives or behaves, but instead its contrived adaptations to life in a tank (The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity). Others argue that safekeeping marine animals in captivity saves them from the harsher environments in the wild and protects them from predators and contaminant. However, this argument is incorrect. It is impossible for humans to judge what environment is too harsh for any particular animal. Marine animals have survived and evolved for thousands of years without human salvation or interaction and humans must allow this natural cycle to continue. In the wild, unhindered by human meddling, the evolutionary cycle will continue as it should and as is natural. Some species may become extinct or evolve into even more obscure animals this is not a negative progression but is instead the circle of life (The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity). While dolphins in their natural habitat can live to their forties and fifties, dolphins in aquariums and tanks often die before they reach twenty (Marine Mammals in Captivity). Over the years, nearly 4,000 sea lions, seals, and dolphins have died in captivity, and more than half of these deaths are human related. This includes things such as swallowing coins, dying of heat stroke, and swimming in contaminated water (Marine Animal Exhibits Chlorinated Prisons). Although they claim to increase the longevity of marine animals lives, those who capture marine animals end up hurting them and, in the long run, harming the natural flow of life.Its certain that important information can be gained from marine animal captivity. However, holding wild animals hostage is immoral and unnecessary. Although humans are capable of capturing marine animals, this prevents them from existing in their natural habitat and only serves to hurt the species. To help stop captivity, its important not to visit captive marine mammals in zoos or parks (Marine Animal Exhibits Chlorinated Prisons). Also, instead of holding the animals hostage under the guise of saving them from even harsher natural environments, society should work to be environmentally conscious and preserve the animals natural habitats, allowing them to live without the pollution of human waste. Holding marine animals in captivity is unequivocally wrong. No matter the claims of salvation and education, animal captivity is exploitation of animals.

Consumer Behavior Essay -- Psychology, Freud

This essay is based on an analysis of look observations which took place at a Supermarket in Bradford. The repel of the exercise was to observe the behaviour of consumers while shopping in order to theorise and draw conclusions from our observations about consumer buying behaviour when shopping. As a room of interpreting and analysing the data we used the psychoanalytical perspective of Freud, pester power and independent and interdependent self concept. These concepts particularly lend themselves to the interpretation of the data. This essay begins by defining these key concepts before offering an analysis data the research data. Freudian personality theory is otherwise known as the psychoanalytic theory and it is often used by marketers to influence the purchasing decisions of customers in an unconscious(p) way (Bettany, 2011 and Solomon, 2011). The theory is composed of three categories namely the id, the superego and the ego. The id according to Freud is part of our unconsci ous being as it functions with regards to the pleasure principle the pleasure is applicable to the id as it seeks immediate gratification of needs (Bettany, 2011 and Solomon, 2011). Hoch and Loewestein (1991498) claim that the id is the primary cognitive operation of thinking that is impulsive, closefisted and illogical whose aim is to seek pleasure only, avoid pain and not at all worried about the consequences of its actions (Solomon, 2011). Similarly, Hoch and Loewestein (1991498) note that the ego is secondary process thinking that uses the reality principle and acts as a mediator between the id and the superego. Next is the ego which is aware of the consequences of an action and when it is unable to manage the action a conflict between the id and the superego r... ...mption.In conclusion, we found that at times of recession supermarket need to place emphasis on satisfying consumer needs otherwise they could transport suppliers. Therefore it is important to better understand consumers lifestyles, and choice criteria. This would include the selection of suitable media and designing suitable consumer messages. One area of further research could be to what extent consumers remain loyal to specific brands in time of economic recession. We believe that shopping could be more of a pleasure for children if acting facilities were provided. This might encourage parents to spend longer shopping and by implication buy more. One weakness of the observation in our view was the fact that we depended but on the observation it would have been more useful to double-check our analysis with the consumers being observed.

The Physics of the Curve Ball :: Physics Research Papers

The Physics of the Curve Ball Dad said that one of these days I would figure it out, only if to this day I am still clueless. I have always been able to throw a decent curve ball you tiret just throw 6 one hit games in your high school c areer without one. I have always wondered why and how the ball curves through the air, and it wasnt until now that I have really had the chance to research a topic that has puzzled me for so long. I would bet that even pitchers in the Big show dont know how or why, but they obviously have the talent and ability.I dont know when the first curveball was thrown or who threw it, but there is a lot of controversy out there about whether or not the curveball really exists. The only forces on the curveball were thought to be solemness and air resistance, ( ). So obviously, the path of the curveball was just an illusion, because the effects of gravity pulled the ball toward the ground, at 9.8 meters/squared seconds, as soon as the ball left the pitc hers finger tips, and the air drag is just the force acting in the opposite direction slowing the ball as soon as the ball is hurled from the same point mentioned above. Concluding that the ball does not curve the ball just follows the path of expected projectile motion. Even as engineering science presents itself, scientists have been able to show step by step, strobe photos of a curve ball and conclude that the curveball was just an optical illusion( ).I have to permit that I have seen this illusive curveball many, many times. Believe me, I know because I have been punched out by the umpire on a called knockout three because I was just standing there like a deer caught in the headlights with my thumb up my, you know what, as the ball goes honorable by. I am not happy about being just another statistic in the score books, as I have been fooled by the toss as some in the game would call that pitch. But I do know one thing, there is no illusion there. As you are up to the plate, battling a pitcher with a good curveball, you know that the pitch coming right at you will get you to first base with a good feeling that you are a base runner instead of a strike out victim.

Should Baseball Ban the DH? :: essays research papers

Should Baseball Ban the DH?The designated hitter rule has positively influenced Major conference Baseball since the American League adopted it in 1973. Not only should it be upheld in the American League, but should also be adopted in the National League. The DH rule allows a designated hitter to bat for pitchers in the batting order.One of the biggest reasons that the DH should be used is that pitchers cant hit. Who would you rather see, Manny Ramirez, who had a batting average of .327 last season, or Randy Johnson, who only batted .127. The majority of baseball fans would rather see a batter that can hit the ball sort of of a pitcher swinging and missing. The commissioner is in favor of abolishing the DH, but there is one problem. The problem is that the all-mighty players union loves the DH because it creates an extra roster spot and enables good hitters to string up on for several years after their prime. If the players want the DH rule then we should affirm it. Why doctor rid of something that the players dont want to get rid of. Japan and the National League are the only two places not using the DH.Another reason to keep the DH is that it does allow good hitters to keep playing baseball. Without the DH position, the careers of universey great players would have been cut short. Hall-of-famer Eddie Murray and future hall-of-famers Harold Baines and Paul Molitor finished their careers as designated hitters. Eddie Murray and Paul Molitor were able to reach 3,000 hit plateau convey to the DH rule, and as a result fans were able to watch them in action for years after they otherwise would have had to retire. Its almost certain that the Seattle Mariners Edgar Martinez, who is 40 and still hitting .331 this past season, would no longer be playing in the Major Leagues if the designated hitter rule did not exist. According to a 2002 Sports Illustrated article, This man is an athlete, as pure a hitter as they come, and he still contributes to his team. It i s unfair to players like Martinez to abolish the DH rule.Critics say that it takes away from the way the game is suppositious to be played. The rule, actually brings out the pureness of the game. It lets the hitters concentrate on hitting and the pitchers on pitching.